河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

清代慈善机构地域分布的均衡程度与政府介入的多少成正比,完全由官方办理的养济院分布均匀;政府起主导作用的育婴堂、普济堂分布比较均衡;民间自行办理的地方善堂、宗族义庄和工商业者的会馆公所等则分布最不平衡,集中在江南地区。这种分布特征源于政府政策、救济需求和各地经济文化差异等因素的互相作用。清政府的政策由各州县等地方政府来执行,所以政府起决定作用的慈善活动,其分布便比较均衡。清中期以后,随着救济需求的增加,政府对举办慈善活动力有不逮,主要依靠社会来兴办慈善事业。以苏州、上海为中心的江南地区经济发达,为慈善活动的开展提供了充足的经济基础。再加上当地文化发达,善书传播广泛,行善的思想相应也得到了广泛传播,好善风气的盛行进一步推动了民间慈善事业的兴盛。

With the interaction of various factors such as relief needs,government policy, and differences in local culture and economy,the regional distribution of charity in Qing Dynasty bears the following characteristics: government-sponsored charities are most equally distributed;government-dominated charity is a little less equally distributed;unofficial charity is least equally distributed.Taken as a whole,of the charity in Qing Dynasty,are as equally distributed as how much government is involved.