河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

教育是促进乡村全面振兴的智力基础。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查数据，运用工具变量法实证估计农村地区教育收益率，并系统考察实施乡村振兴战略对教育收益率的影响效应。在有效纠正内生性问题与样本选择偏误后，实证研究发现，2016—2022年，我国农村地区教育收益率呈现稳步上升态势；乡村振兴战略对农村教育收益率具有显著正向驱动作用，其不仅有效提升了农村人力资本投资的经济回报，也在一定程度上缩小了城乡教育收益率差距。异质性分析表明，农村教育收益率存在明显的区域与年龄差异，呈现东部、中部、西部地区依次递减，青年、中年、老年群体逐步下降的特征，且男性教育收益率高于女性。研究结果也表明，乡村振兴战略在推动农村人力资本增值、促进城乡教育公平等方面发挥着重要作用。据此，政府应当不断提高中西部农村地区的市场化发育程度，进一步缩小城乡差异，充分彰显教育在农村劳动力市场上的经济价值。同时，教育投资应进一步向高龄劳动者及女性群体等弱势群体倾斜，持续优化农村人力资本配置与回报机制。

Education is the intellectual foundation for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. The article is based on data from the China Education Tracking Survey, using instrumental variable method to empirically estimate the education return rate in rural areas, and systematically examine the impact of implementing the village revitalization strategy on the education return rate in rural areas. After effectively correcting endogeneity issues and sample selection biases, empirical research has found that the education return rate in rural areas of China has shown a steady upward trend from 2016 to 2022. The rural revitalization strategy has a significant positive driving effect on the return on investment in rural education. It not only effectively enhances the economic return on investment in rural human capital, but also to some extent narrows the gap in return on investment between urban and rural education. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant regional and age differences in the return on education in rural areas, with a decreasing trend in the eastern, central, and western regions, and a gradual decline in the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Additionally, the return on education for males is higher than that for females. The research results also indicate that the rural revitalization strategy plays an important role in promoting the appreciation of rural human capital and promoting urban-rural education equity. Based on this, the government should continuously improve the market-oriented development of rural areas in the central and western regions, further narrow the urban-rural gap, and fully demonstrate the economic value of education in the labor market. At the same time, education investment should further tilt towards vulnerable groups such as rural areas in the central and western regions, elderly workers, and women, and continuously optimize the allocation and return mechanism of rural human capital.