美国司法再投资改革实践检视An Insight into Justice Reinvestment in the U.S.
韦佳;
摘要(Abstract)：
21世纪以来,在大规模监禁背景下,美国各州相继达到监狱拥挤、不堪矫正支出重负的临界点。在此背景下,各州开始探索监禁改革之路,联邦政府遂正式发起"司法再投资倡议"。这个以经济性著称的司法再投资,通过设立问题解决法庭、改革量刑法与缓刑、保释制度等措施,打破监禁与累犯循环的局面,运用司法测绘定位司法资源缺口,将由此节约的司法资源投入到加强社区监督与改善社区基础设施中,从而显著提升了美国刑事司法系统运行的公平与效率。从2007年至今,司法再投资已积累了十余年的改革实践经验。35个州的多项数据表明,司法再投资有效缓解了美国大规模监禁带来的资金和人员短缺,能在让更多犯人回归社区的同时,降低累犯率并提升公共安全。司法再投资的实践经验及其所蕴含的经济学思维,或为中国监狱与社区矫正改革提供镜鉴。
关键词(KeyWords)： 司法再投资;循证改革;大规模监禁;公共安全
基金项目(Foundation): 国家留学基金委资助项目
作者(Author): 韦佳;
Email:
DOI: 10.16366/j.cnki.1000-2359.2020.01.007
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